The work presents the analysis of various factors impact on climate of the Earth. Great attention is paid in the work to such climate-forming factors as variation of gas and aerosol composition of the atmosphere, solar activity, cosmic rays of solar and galactic origin, possible mechanisms of solar-atmospheric links. A new conception of solar activity impact on the parameters of Earth climate system has been presented based on the control of long-range radiation by the flow of energy, coming form the Earth to the space in high-latitude regions. This conception is under development lately in Russia and abroad. Results of first activities in this directions for the 1970–80-‘s of the last century have been provided. A series of conclusions made is of discussion character.