In the article basic laws governing the differentiation of the landscapes of the large region of Russia and factors of their conversion are examined. The highlights the regularities of formation, development and transformation of landscape and their interrelationships depending on the morphotectonic, climatic and geological conditions in the past and at present. Special attention is given to the influence of tectonic processes on the formation of landscape borders of a high taxonomic level. We determinet the formation stages of landscapes of the region, demonstrated the main indicators of their transformation, the characteristics of transformation of landscapes and established the transformation trend of landscapes. The landscape components originating in past epochs and comprising the current structure of landscape are outlined. The estimation of their contemporary state, stability, anthropogenic degree of dislocation is carried out. The landscape components originating in past epochs and comprising the current structure of landscape are outlined. The contributions are organized as an information synthesis of data and knowledge concerning the territory, drawing of results from station-based, ground-based and aerovisual investigations, cartographic information, space imagery interpretation.